What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences?
DIGITAL TECH
1. Production
2. Marketing
3. Distribution
4. Exchange
Production
Important for institutions and audiences.
Institutions - because of mass and independence (like Vertigo).
Mass media - because of 3D (Avatar).
Independence - because its cheap to have digital cameras (Monsters) and cheap to have digital production and it is also cheap to have a smaller crew. Locations are more diverse.
Audience - because of 3D, high definition, bigger screens, home cinema.
Break down audience into cinema (3D, HD, bigger screens) and other outlets (home cinema).
Marketing
Institutions:
- Social websites (Hunger Games)
- Internet
- Blogs
- Trends
(Cost and Saturation)
Saturation in marketing is that everybody gets to see the campaign.
Audiences:
- Fandom (follow, react, interact, communicate)
SYNERGY.
Creating hype through books, websites, social networking sites etc.
People really get into characters and want information on them. They want to know the background of them etc.
Distribution
Digital prints vs. 35mm.
Digital prints are cheaper to transport, copy etc.
Future may be satellite streaming (cinemas).
Home market (VHS - DVD - Blueray - LoveFilm)
(TV - Satellite - On Demand)
Internet - need good technology for streaming so it does not keep buffering.
Avatar distributed in 3D and digital print.
Exchange
Cinemas need to keep up to date with production companies, no point in filming in HD or 3D if the quality is no good.
Friday, 11 May 2012
Exam prep
Distribution and exhibition
Aims to help films find an audience and put it at the centre of our cultural lives
How are films funded?
Production companies have to think of many ways of getting money.
Piracy is a big problem as people would rather watch films online than having to go cinemas and pay money. Pirate Bay is blocked however people download off BitTorrent.
Last year was biggest gross BFI made.
£5 for every £1.
Monsters made on Adobe Premiere, Adobe After-Effects and 3DS Max - using equipment which is easy to get - cheaper.
Avatar - £288 million to make, £2.8 billion gross profit.
Copyright is owned by distribution company.
Audiences
Every single person meets media in some type of form every day.
Everyone recieves the same type of media but may interpret it in a different way.
People react in different ways - not copying what they see in films and video games etc.
Interpretation of the film is owned by the individual.
Audience owns the film in some way once the viewing has been seen as the film has been sold to them.
For example, Jeffrey Dahmer who was a serial killer watched a clip from his favourite film (Star Wars) which got him excited and had to do this before he committed his crimes however this film was not banned because it did not contain any violent scenes which would make somebody want to take part in unusual doings.
A lot of films include violence and swearing now which was not there before - Youtube is accessible by anyone of any age.
Websites also contain content which should not be allowed to be viewed by everyone however if someone does not want to see it they would click off it ?
Identification and Sensitisation
Identification: Violence in the media releases tension and desires through identification with fictional characters and events (catharsis).
Some psychiatrists believe that watching pornography can help sex offenders release their emotions.
Sensitisation: Violence in the media can sensitise people to the effects of violence.
Making people who do wrong watch violent clips which makes them realise what they are doing and think of the consequences.
Uses and Gratification
1. Information: we want to find out about society and the world - want to satisfy our curiousity.
2. Personal Identity: watch television to find models for our behaviour. May identify with characters we see in a soap. Make us feel better about ourselves and help us to decide what we feel about ourselves.
3. Integration and Social Interaction: use media to find out more about the circumstances of other people. Watching a show helps us to empathise and sympathise with the lives of others so that we may even end up thinking of the characters in programme as friends.
4. Entertainment: sometimes we simply use the media for enjoyment, relaxation or just to fill time.
Aims to help films find an audience and put it at the centre of our cultural lives
How are films funded?
- Producers..
- Directors go to a production company and promote their film
- Conventional thing - production company would have executive producers and producers who decide what happens in a film as well, not just the directors and for example, Hunger Games published their book first and created a hype which helped them to produce their film.
- Make a film already but cannot distribute it so go to a production company like Slum Dog Millionaire
Production companies have to think of many ways of getting money.
Piracy is a big problem as people would rather watch films online than having to go cinemas and pay money. Pirate Bay is blocked however people download off BitTorrent.
Last year was biggest gross BFI made.
£5 for every £1.
Monsters made on Adobe Premiere, Adobe After-Effects and 3DS Max - using equipment which is easy to get - cheaper.
Avatar - £288 million to make, £2.8 billion gross profit.
Copyright is owned by distribution company.
Audiences
Every single person meets media in some type of form every day.
Everyone recieves the same type of media but may interpret it in a different way.
People react in different ways - not copying what they see in films and video games etc.
Interpretation of the film is owned by the individual.
Audience owns the film in some way once the viewing has been seen as the film has been sold to them.
For example, Jeffrey Dahmer who was a serial killer watched a clip from his favourite film (Star Wars) which got him excited and had to do this before he committed his crimes however this film was not banned because it did not contain any violent scenes which would make somebody want to take part in unusual doings.
A lot of films include violence and swearing now which was not there before - Youtube is accessible by anyone of any age.
Websites also contain content which should not be allowed to be viewed by everyone however if someone does not want to see it they would click off it ?
Identification and Sensitisation
Identification: Violence in the media releases tension and desires through identification with fictional characters and events (catharsis).
Some psychiatrists believe that watching pornography can help sex offenders release their emotions.
Sensitisation: Violence in the media can sensitise people to the effects of violence.
Making people who do wrong watch violent clips which makes them realise what they are doing and think of the consequences.
Uses and Gratification
1. Information: we want to find out about society and the world - want to satisfy our curiousity.
2. Personal Identity: watch television to find models for our behaviour. May identify with characters we see in a soap. Make us feel better about ourselves and help us to decide what we feel about ourselves.
3. Integration and Social Interaction: use media to find out more about the circumstances of other people. Watching a show helps us to empathise and sympathise with the lives of others so that we may even end up thinking of the characters in programme as friends.
4. Entertainment: sometimes we simply use the media for enjoyment, relaxation or just to fill time.
Wednesday, 2 May 2012
Avatar
Budget:
$237,000,000 (estimated)
Opening Weekend:$77,025,481 (USA) (20 December 2009) (3452 Screens)
Gross:$2,782,275,172 (Worldwide) (25 November 2011)
Storyline:
When his brother is killed in a robbery, paraplegic Marine Jake Sully decides to take his place in a mission on the distant world of Pandora. There he learns of greedy corporate figurehead Parker Selfridge's intentions of driving off the native humanoid "Na'vi" in order to mine for the precious material scattered throughout their rich woodland. In exchange for the spinal surgery that will fix his legs, Jake gathers intel for the cooperating military unit spearheaded by gung-ho Colonel Quaritch, while simultaneously attempting to infiltrate the Na'vi people with the use of an "avatar" identity. While Jake begins to bond with the native tribe and quickly falls in love with the beautiful alien Neytiri, the restless Colonel moves forward with his ruthless extermination tactics, forcing the soldier to take a stand - and fight back in an epic battle for the fate of Pandora.
Friday, 27 April 2012
Section B: Notes
Talk about different marketing strategies - not just billboards, etc.
The Hunger Games made different Tumblr pages for each district within their film so fans could send hate mail or fan mail to each district they would like to.
Avatar made it available to 'make your own avatar' so people could transform their pictures so that they would look like an avatar.
Mention a wide range of relevant and contemporary examples of marketing and distribution strategies.
For eg: Transformers cartoon was only made to sell figures
'UK cinema is failing because of low cinema attendance' could be because there is less money coming into the film industry because of illegal piracy.
Youtube is a massive thing because it is being used as a marketing tool - can see trailers etc.
Converge - when things come together, join in some way.
Technological Convergents - Lots of digital outlets that lead to the same product.
Keep referring back to case study and examples.
- Social Media - Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter
The Hunger Games made different Tumblr pages for each district within their film so fans could send hate mail or fan mail to each district they would like to.
Avatar made it available to 'make your own avatar' so people could transform their pictures so that they would look like an avatar.
Mention a wide range of relevant and contemporary examples of marketing and distribution strategies.
- Billboards
- Newspaper
- Magazine
- TV
- Internet
- Trailers on other films
For eg: Transformers cartoon was only made to sell figures
'UK cinema is failing because of low cinema attendance' could be because there is less money coming into the film industry because of illegal piracy.
Youtube is a massive thing because it is being used as a marketing tool - can see trailers etc.
Converge - when things come together, join in some way.
Technological Convergents - Lots of digital outlets that lead to the same product.
- Internet TV
- Youtube
- Watching stuff on your phone
- Digital harddrives
- 3D
- Holograms
Keep referring back to case study and examples.
- Movies - available for download (sometimes illegally)
- Viral campaigns - through social media (everything)
Wednesday, 7 March 2012
SKINS - Representation of Age Notes
Season 3 Episode 1
Costumes
Teenage boys:
- Jeans
- Polo shirts
- Earrings
- Hat
- Bag
- Phone (old)
- Low neck t-shirt
- Worn out trainers
- The way their hair is styled
Man:
- Suit
Old woman:
- Shirt
- Old coat
- Sunglasses (that old people would wear)
Policeman:
- Helmet (safety)
Girl:
- Nail varnish
- Hair looks clean-cut
- Jewellery
Body Language
- Rebellious
- Does not care if he gets in trouble or not
- Policeman looks really happy about his ice-cream
- Man wearing a suit just keeps swearing (contrast)
- Goes past a zone which he was not meant to
- Confident
Location
- Vandalised area
- Busy city (bus, lots of people)
- Poo on the pavement, run-down area
- Building works
Lighting
- Everything is bright
- Dark at the start of the scene
Props
- When he gets a text, words are spelt like 'ur'
- Skateboard
- Skateboard has a cannabis logo imprinted on it
- Man's car is a Mondeo, young people would not be driving that
Costumes
Teenage boys:
- Jeans
- Polo shirts
- Earrings
- Hat
- Bag
- Phone (old)
- Low neck t-shirt
- Worn out trainers
- The way their hair is styled
Man:
- Suit
Old woman:
- Shirt
- Old coat
- Sunglasses (that old people would wear)
Policeman:
- Helmet (safety)
Girl:
- Nail varnish
- Hair looks clean-cut
- Jewellery
Body Language
- Rebellious
- Does not care if he gets in trouble or not
- Policeman looks really happy about his ice-cream
- Man wearing a suit just keeps swearing (contrast)
- Goes past a zone which he was not meant to
- Confident
Location
- Vandalised area
- Busy city (bus, lots of people)
- Poo on the pavement, run-down area
- Building works
Lighting
- Everything is bright
- Dark at the start of the scene
Props
- When he gets a text, words are spelt like 'ur'
- Skateboard
- Skateboard has a cannabis logo imprinted on it
- Man's car is a Mondeo, young people would not be driving that
Wednesday, 22 February 2012
Exam answer - Monarch of the glen (Age)
In this clip, the camera angles are used in different ways to show which characters are superior/inferior compared to others. For example, when the young girl, Amy, is first shown in the clip when she walks outside, the boy is sweeping and the camera makes him look smaller than what he actually is but then the angle changes and all of a sudden it makes the girl look inferior to him.
Also, when the girl crashes the car, the man, boy and woman go running to see what happened and then there is a medium shot shown of the man holding the girl in his arms which automatically makes it look like he has authority and he is the carer. The girl is shown as small and fragile and she looks quite lost and confused.
The sounds in this clip set the atmosphere as when the camera is on the adults, the background music playing is happy, country music which gives the impression that the adults are comfortable and fit into the place that they are in. However, when the camera is the younger people, there is either no music or the background sounds are very tense and serious which represents that they do not fit in and are uncomfortable.
Another part where the sounds represent age is when the man asks the young girl if she can drive. He asks this in an unsure way as if he was expecting her to say no because she is young and still quite vulnerable. She then replies confirming that she could and even mentions how she passed first time which I think shows that she wanted to prove that she was mature and not as vulnerable as she looks.
In this extract the editing is done to portray what is expected of different ages. For example, when the girl crashes the car the scene is not actually shown, you can only hear the crash. I think this creates a bigger effect and makes it a whole lot more dramatic because you are left to imagine what actually happened. I also think that the audience would automatically know that it was the girl who crashed the car because of the way she was uncertain of how to drive when she first got into the car so it would be expected of her which may also represent that because she is younger, she cannot be trusted fully yet to complete jobs such as driving.
Also, when the girl is told by the man to go and pack as she is going back to school, there is a clip which shows her packing however the extract does not show the clip of where she does actually run away which leaves the audience to imagine themselves what happened and as she is young and does not know what she is doing, you would then expect it of her to run away.
There is a lot of mise en scene in this extract which represents the big differences between the ages. For example, the young girl is wearing jewellery, t-shirt and jeans which makes her look a lot more modern even though the background of where she is is old countryside so the background does not quite fit in with her clothing. This shows that she is part of the younger generation as she stands out from her environment.
The young boy is also wearing modern clothing as he is dressed in a hoodie and t-shirt which represents that he is part of the younger generation too. The adults are dressed in checkered shirts, denim jackets, coats which look quite worn out, dirty trousers and dark colours which show that they are old fashioned.
Also, throughout pretty much the whole clip, the younger people are shown as more vulnerable and as if they do not know what they are doing. This is because they are shown doing jobs such as sweeping, lifting things, driving to places etc. whereas the adults are doing the more serious jobs which shows that the adults have more power and are more superior.
When the girl is told by the man that she is going back to school, the throws a big tantrum which I think shows her as quite immature as she is not getting what she wants and so just screams which is what is expected of young, immature people.
Although the house looks quite old from the outside, when the girl's bedroom is shown, it is bright and colourful which stands out from the rest of the house as when the headmaster comes, you get to see the hallway and another room which also looks old. This shows the difference between the ages because she has different taste compared to the older generation as they prefer the house to be plain.
When they are in the girl's bedroom, there is a shot where you can see the bed and what is on it. There are teddy bears and notes left before she goes to run away. You can clearly see the handwriting on the notes and it looks all squiggly with love hearts which portrays that she is still young and immature. This also shows that she is informal.
In conclusion, out of the four aspects, mise en scene shows the most difference between age groups such as teenagers and adults. This is portrayed in many different ways, from expressions to the settings and even clothing which is a big factor in this extract.
Also, when the girl crashes the car, the man, boy and woman go running to see what happened and then there is a medium shot shown of the man holding the girl in his arms which automatically makes it look like he has authority and he is the carer. The girl is shown as small and fragile and she looks quite lost and confused.
The sounds in this clip set the atmosphere as when the camera is on the adults, the background music playing is happy, country music which gives the impression that the adults are comfortable and fit into the place that they are in. However, when the camera is the younger people, there is either no music or the background sounds are very tense and serious which represents that they do not fit in and are uncomfortable.
Another part where the sounds represent age is when the man asks the young girl if she can drive. He asks this in an unsure way as if he was expecting her to say no because she is young and still quite vulnerable. She then replies confirming that she could and even mentions how she passed first time which I think shows that she wanted to prove that she was mature and not as vulnerable as she looks.
In this extract the editing is done to portray what is expected of different ages. For example, when the girl crashes the car the scene is not actually shown, you can only hear the crash. I think this creates a bigger effect and makes it a whole lot more dramatic because you are left to imagine what actually happened. I also think that the audience would automatically know that it was the girl who crashed the car because of the way she was uncertain of how to drive when she first got into the car so it would be expected of her which may also represent that because she is younger, she cannot be trusted fully yet to complete jobs such as driving.
Also, when the girl is told by the man to go and pack as she is going back to school, there is a clip which shows her packing however the extract does not show the clip of where she does actually run away which leaves the audience to imagine themselves what happened and as she is young and does not know what she is doing, you would then expect it of her to run away.
There is a lot of mise en scene in this extract which represents the big differences between the ages. For example, the young girl is wearing jewellery, t-shirt and jeans which makes her look a lot more modern even though the background of where she is is old countryside so the background does not quite fit in with her clothing. This shows that she is part of the younger generation as she stands out from her environment.
The young boy is also wearing modern clothing as he is dressed in a hoodie and t-shirt which represents that he is part of the younger generation too. The adults are dressed in checkered shirts, denim jackets, coats which look quite worn out, dirty trousers and dark colours which show that they are old fashioned.
Also, throughout pretty much the whole clip, the younger people are shown as more vulnerable and as if they do not know what they are doing. This is because they are shown doing jobs such as sweeping, lifting things, driving to places etc. whereas the adults are doing the more serious jobs which shows that the adults have more power and are more superior.
When the girl is told by the man that she is going back to school, the throws a big tantrum which I think shows her as quite immature as she is not getting what she wants and so just screams which is what is expected of young, immature people.
Although the house looks quite old from the outside, when the girl's bedroom is shown, it is bright and colourful which stands out from the rest of the house as when the headmaster comes, you get to see the hallway and another room which also looks old. This shows the difference between the ages because she has different taste compared to the older generation as they prefer the house to be plain.
When they are in the girl's bedroom, there is a shot where you can see the bed and what is on it. There are teddy bears and notes left before she goes to run away. You can clearly see the handwriting on the notes and it looks all squiggly with love hearts which portrays that she is still young and immature. This also shows that she is informal.
In conclusion, out of the four aspects, mise en scene shows the most difference between age groups such as teenagers and adults. This is portrayed in many different ways, from expressions to the settings and even clothing which is a big factor in this extract.
Exam notes - Monarch of the Glen (Age)
Camera
- When the girl first comes, the boy is also in the shot and the camera is looking down on him whilst he is sweeping which makes him look small however the angle then changes and the camera is then looking down on the girl which makes the boy look superior.
- When the girl crashes, the man, boy and woman go running to see what happened and the camera then shows a medium shot of the man holding the girl in his arms which makes him look superior and like he takes care of her as she is still small and fragile.
Sound
- When the camera is on the adults, there is country music playing in the background which shows that they fit into the place that they are in whereas when the camera is on the younger people, the background music seems more serious which makes them look out of place.
- When the man asks the girl if she can drive, he asks her in a very unsure way as if he may not have expected her to which I think is because of her age.
Editing
- When the girl crashes the car, it is not shown as we can only hear the crash. This makes it a lot more dramatic because you are left to imagine what actually happened.
- When girl runs away, they don't show the shot where she does actually go so you are left to imagine again and you would guess that she had ran away because that is what would be expected of her.
Mise en Scene
- Girl is wearing jewellery, t-shirt and jeans which makes her look modern even though the background of where she is doesn't quite fit in with her clothing. This shows that she is of the younger generation.
- Boy is wearing a hoodie and t-shirt which shows that he is part of the younger generation too whereas people who are older are wearing checkered shirts, coats which look quite worn out, dirty trousers and dark colours which represents that they are more old-fashioned.
- Throughout the whole clip, the younger people are shown as more vulnerable as if they don't know what they are doing because the camera shows them doing jobs such as sweeping, lifting things, driving to places etc. whereas the adults are doing the more serious jobs which shows who has power.
- When the girl is told that she has to pack and go back to school, she throws a tantrum which shows her as immature.
- The house looks very old from the outside as does the hallway and room where they are standing when the headmaster comes to get the girl however, when they show the girl's bedroom, it is quite bright and colourful which shows the difference between the ages.
- When they are in the girl's bedroom, the shot shows her bed because she has left two notes with teddy bears. The handwriting on the notes is all squiggly with love hearts which shows she is still young, immature, informal.
- When the girl first comes, the boy is also in the shot and the camera is looking down on him whilst he is sweeping which makes him look small however the angle then changes and the camera is then looking down on the girl which makes the boy look superior.
- When the girl crashes, the man, boy and woman go running to see what happened and the camera then shows a medium shot of the man holding the girl in his arms which makes him look superior and like he takes care of her as she is still small and fragile.
Sound
- When the camera is on the adults, there is country music playing in the background which shows that they fit into the place that they are in whereas when the camera is on the younger people, the background music seems more serious which makes them look out of place.
- When the man asks the girl if she can drive, he asks her in a very unsure way as if he may not have expected her to which I think is because of her age.
Editing
- When the girl crashes the car, it is not shown as we can only hear the crash. This makes it a lot more dramatic because you are left to imagine what actually happened.
- When girl runs away, they don't show the shot where she does actually go so you are left to imagine again and you would guess that she had ran away because that is what would be expected of her.
Mise en Scene
- Girl is wearing jewellery, t-shirt and jeans which makes her look modern even though the background of where she is doesn't quite fit in with her clothing. This shows that she is of the younger generation.
- Boy is wearing a hoodie and t-shirt which shows that he is part of the younger generation too whereas people who are older are wearing checkered shirts, coats which look quite worn out, dirty trousers and dark colours which represents that they are more old-fashioned.
- Throughout the whole clip, the younger people are shown as more vulnerable as if they don't know what they are doing because the camera shows them doing jobs such as sweeping, lifting things, driving to places etc. whereas the adults are doing the more serious jobs which shows who has power.
- When the girl is told that she has to pack and go back to school, she throws a tantrum which shows her as immature.
- The house looks very old from the outside as does the hallway and room where they are standing when the headmaster comes to get the girl however, when they show the girl's bedroom, it is quite bright and colourful which shows the difference between the ages.
- When they are in the girl's bedroom, the shot shows her bed because she has left two notes with teddy bears. The handwriting on the notes is all squiggly with love hearts which shows she is still young, immature, informal.
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